Breastfeeding is a delicate balance, with many new parents wondering if their baby is getting enough milk. Although breastfeeding patterns vary, there are a few clear signs that can help you determine if your milk supply is adequate or if it might be dropping.
What Is a Normal Milk Supply Like?
A normal milk supply typically matches your baby’s needs. Signs of a healthy milk supply include:
- A well-fed baby should have about 6-8 wet diapers per day in the first weeks, .
- Babies should regain birth weight by around two weeks and then continue to gain weight steadily.
- A baby who seems satisfied and generally content after feeding.
As breasts change to meet the demands of your baby, they will naturally feel softer over time; nursing sessions will also shorten as babies grow more efficient.
What May Cause Your Milk Supply to Drop?
Take heed of the indicators below that may result in a low milk supply:
- Not feeding on demand or limiting breastfeeding sessions can reduce milk supply. The body produces milk based on the frequency and intensity of milk removal; if the breasts aren’t emptied regularly, milk production may decrease.
- Introducing formula too early or too frequently can reduce breastfeeding frequency, leading to a decreased demand for milk and, ultimately, a lower supply.
- When solids are introduced too early (before 4-6 months), babies may nurse less. Which can decrease milk production.
- Events like the return of menstruation or a new pregnancy can cause hormonal shifts that may reduce milk production. Certain birth control methods, especially those with estrogen, can also negatively affect supply.
- Health conditions, such as thyroid problems or retained placental fragments, can interfere with milk supply. And certain medications, including some decongestants and birth control pills, may also reduce milk production.
- Lack of rest, high stress levels, and inadequate nutrition can impair the body’s ability to produce milk.
- Both alcohol and smoking have been linked to lower milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
- Previous breast surgeries, such as reductions or augmentations, may impact milk-producing tissues and ducts.
Signs that your Milk Supply Is Decreasing
- In the first few weeks, a well-fed baby should produce around 6 to 8 wet diapers and frequent stools daily. So a reduction in wet or dirty diapers could indicate they are not getting enough milk.
- While some initial weight loss after birth is normal, a baby should regain their birth weight by around two weeks and steadily gain weight after that. Insufficient weight gain may suggest they aren’t receiving enough milk.
- If a baby shows signs of dehydration—such as infrequent urination, absence of tears when crying, a sunken soft spot on their head, excessive sleepiness, or low energy—this could be the result of low milk intake and requires immediate medical attention.
- If a baby is nursing for extended periods but still seems frustrated or unsatisfied, it could indicate that they aren’t able to get enough milk.
- Babies who don’t receive enough milk may exhibit fussiness or continued hunger shortly after feeding sessions.
How to Fix Your Low Milk Supply
You can use the research-backed methods to help increase milk production:
- Increase Feeding Frequency. Breastfeed frequently, ideally 8-12 times per day in the early weeks, to stimulate milk production. Feeding on demand rather than following a strict schedule can help maximize supply.
- Ensure a Good Latch. A proper latch allows the baby to effectively drain the breast, which signals your body to produce more milk. Consult a lactation consultant if latch issues are suspected.
- Offer Both Breasts at Each Feeding. Allow the baby to fully nurse on one side, then offer the other breast. This encourages milk flow in both breasts, signaling the body to increase supply.
- Empty the Breasts Completely. Fully emptying your breasts signals your body to produce more milk. After feeding, try hand expression or pumping to remove any remaining milk.
- Pump Between Feedings. Pumping between breastfeeding sessions, especially if away from your baby, can maintain or increase milk supply. Aim for consistency in pumping sessions to reinforce supply.
- Practice Skin-to-Skin Contact. Skin-to-skin contact can stimulate milk production hormones, making let-down easier and boosting milk supply. Holding your baby close before and during feedings can help.
- Try Power Pumping with a Breast Pump. Simulate cluster feeding by pumping in intervals (e.g., pump for 20 minutes, rest for 10, pump for another 10-20 minutes). Power pumping sessions over a few days can help boost supply.
- Stay Hydrated and Nourished. Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet, as dehydration and poor nutrition can hinder milk production. Consider lactation-friendly foods such as oats, fennel, and brewer’s yeast.
- Rest and Manage Stress. Physical rest and stress management are critical for milk production. Aim to get as much rest as possible and seek support from others to reduce stress and improve sleep.
- Limit Bottles and Pacifiers in the Early Weeks. Exclusively breastfeeding without supplementing with bottles or pacifiers, especially early on, can help establish a strong supply.
FAQs
How can I tell if my baby is getting enough milk?
Check for at least 6-8 wet diapers a day and steady weight gain. Also, your baby should seem content and satisfied after most feedings.
Is it normal for my breasts to feel softer over time?
Yes, as your body adjusts to your baby’s feeding needs, your breasts may feel softer and less full. This doesn’t mean your milk supply is low.
What should I do if my baby seems to nurse more often?
Frequent nursing (cluster feeding) is normal during growth spurts or at certain times of the day. It’s your baby’s way of boosting your milk supply to match their needs.
Does pumping output indicate my milk supply?
Not necessarily. Babies are often more effective at extracting milk than pumps, so low pumping output doesn’t always mean low milk supply.
How can I increase my milk supply naturally?
Feed on demand, make sure your baby has a good latch, empty both breasts at each feeding, and stay hydrated and well-rested.
Can stress really affect my milk supply?
Yes, high stress levels can impact milk production. Practicing relaxation techniques, skin-to-skin contact, and getting support can help.
When should I introduce solid foods without affecting milk supply?
Ideally, wait until your baby is 4-6 months old. Breastfeeding should remain the primary food source in the first year.
Is it okay to give my baby a pacifier or bottle?
In the early weeks, try to avoid bottles and pacifiers, as exclusive breastfeeding helps establish a strong supply.
